{"id":8816,"date":"2023-06-06T10:08:30","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T09:08:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/maltas-temples-summary-of-archaeological-discoveries\/"},"modified":"2025-04-24T18:33:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-24T17:33:30","slug":"maltas-temples-summary-of-archaeological-discoveries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/maltas-temples-summary-of-archaeological-discoveries\/","title":{"rendered":"THE TEMPLES OF MALTA : SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-575ca1ec{--display:flex;}.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-568773b{--divider-border-style:solid;--divider-color:#000;--divider-border-width:1px;}.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-568773b .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;}.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-568773b 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.elementor-divider{padding-block-start:15px;padding-block-end:15px;}.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6e831e9{text-align:justify;font-family:\"Times New Roman\", Sans-serif;font-size:20px;}.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6e831e9 > .elementor-widget-container{padding:10px 10px 10px 10px;}.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ecaed44{--divider-border-style:solid;--divider-color:#000;--divider-border-width:1px;}.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ecaed44 .elementor-divider-separator{width:100%;}.elementor-8816 .elementor-element.elementor-element-ecaed44 .elementor-divider{padding-block-start:15px;padding-block-end:15px;}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8816\" class=\"elementor elementor-8816 elementor-362\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-575ca1ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"575ca1ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-568773b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"568773b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b483db5 elementor-toc--minimized-on-tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-table-of-contents\" data-id=\"b483db5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;exclude_headings_by_selector&quot;:[],&quot;no_headings_message&quot;:&quot;Aucun titre n\\u2019a \\u00e9t\\u00e9 trouv\\u00e9 sur cette page.&quot;,&quot;headings_by_tags&quot;:[&quot;h2&quot;,&quot;h3&quot;,&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;h5&quot;,&quot;h6&quot;],&quot;marker_view&quot;:&quot;numbers&quot;,&quot;minimize_box&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;minimized_on&quot;:&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;hierarchical_view&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;min_height&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;min_height_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"table-of-contents.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-toc__header-title\">\n\t\t\t\tTable of contents\t\t\t<\/h6>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--expand\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__b483db5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Open table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-down\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__toggle-button elementor-toc__toggle-button--collapse\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"elementor-toc__b483db5\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-label=\"Close table of contents\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-up\"><\/i><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-toc__b483db5\" class=\"elementor-toc__body\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toc__spinner-container\">\n\t\t\t\t<i class=\"elementor-toc__spinner eicon-animation-spin eicon-loading\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7a77b3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f7a77b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77ae8b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77ae8b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE<\/span><\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As the title suggests, this article will summarize everything that has so far been discovered and said about this sacred site.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This article is not an explanation of the site. You&#8217;ll find it in the book entitled:<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/les-temples-megalithiques-de-malte-gobekli-tepe-et-stonehenge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">THE MEGALITHIC TEMPLES : MALTA G\u00d6BEKLI TEPE AND STONEHENGE<\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Before deciphering this site and its sacred raison d&#8217;\u00eatre, I thought it would be useful, not to say necessary, to summarize everything that has been said and discovered about it by the world of archaeology. This will ensure that you know all the useful elements you need to memorize beforehand. All these elements will then be deciphered (in the article dedicated to deciphering this specific site), thanks to knowledge of the sacred prehistoric symbolic language, which, as you&#8217;ll see, will enable us to decipher the sacred meaning of each of these elements. As on all prehistoric sacred sites, this sacred symbolic language was abundantly used by the high priesthood to encode its teachings and doctrine, including its major doctrine: the rebirth of the father of the gods (deified primordial man) in the son-god through the mother-goddess (deified primordial woman) and her womb.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05742b9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"05742b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b75fb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1b75fb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">LINK THIS ARTICLE WITH THE ENTIRE LITERARY SERIES &#8220;THE TRUE HISTORY OF MANKIND&#8217;S RELIGIONS :<\/span><\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This article precedes the one devoted to explaining the mystery of the Stonehenge site, which you&#8217;ll find in <span style=\"color: #000000;\">the book entitled:<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/les-temples-megalithiques-de-malte-gobekli-tepe-et-stonehenge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">THE MEGALITHIC TEMPLES : MALTA G\u00d6BEKLI TEPE AND STONEHENGE<\/a><\/p><p>which you can also find on sale in the following section:<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"bP8MAKzsHa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-already-published\/\">Already published books<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Already published books\u00a0\u00bb &#8212; Yvar Bregeant\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-already-published\/embed\/#?secret=Vo8v19OfKl#?secret=bP8MAKzsHa\" data-secret=\"bP8MAKzsHa\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p><p>To find out why this book is part of the literary series The True Stories of Mankind&#8217;s Religions, go to page :<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"EFw0bf5Xeh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-in-the-series\/\">Introduction \/ Structure and Content<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Introduction \/ Structure and Content\u00a0\u00bb &#8212; Yvar Bregeant\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-in-the-series\/embed\/#?secret=c7hBw2G9Oi#?secret=EFw0bf5Xeh\" data-secret=\"EFw0bf5Xeh\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p><p>I hope you enjoy reading the full article below:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eab869d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eab869d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a861b88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a861b88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" name=\"_Toc83502523\"><\/a>DATE FROM &#8211; 5,400 BC. J.-C. \/ MEGALITHIC TEMPLES OF MALTA AND HYPOGEUM OF HAL SALFIENI<\/span><\/h2><p>\u00a0<\/p><h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" name=\"_Toc83502524\"><\/a>SUMMARY OF INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO DATE<\/span><\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The megalithic temples of Malta are a group of temples present in the Maltese archipelago, on the islands of Malta and Gozo. This small archipelago concentrates an important number of megalithic temples: currently seventeen inventoried sites regroup thirty-three temples. To these must be added fifteen or so other sites that represented at least as many additional temples, now lost under the bombs of the Second World War or the peak of the demolition workers.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Among the major sites, listed by UNESCO, are the seven megalithic temples Skorba, \u0120gantija, Ta&#8217; \u0126a\u0121rat, \u0126a\u0121ar Qim, Mnajdra, and Tarxien.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">They are monumental prehistoric constructions built during the IVth and IIIrd millennium before Christ.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">USUAL PLAN<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">We can note in a synthetic way:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Elliptical forecourt, concave facade, facade and walls in vertical slabs (orthostats) topped with horizontal blocks.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Entrance in the center of the facade, leading through a monumental passage to a paved courtyard with semicircular chambers called apses, arranged symmetrically on either side of the main axis, sometimes with three apses or with additional courtyards with four, five and even, in one case, six apses.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The monuments had corbelled roofs, probably covered with horizontal beams.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The decorations are panels decorated with drilled holes and panels with bas-reliefs representing spiral patterns, trees, plants and various animals.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">LOCATION OF THE MAIN SITES<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2781\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-17-300x222.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-17-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-17-768x567.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-17.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Google image\/Gozo is the island to the northeast\/Malta is to the southeast.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">DATATION<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Maltese megalithism, independent of Mediterranean or Western European megalithism, precedes by 400 to 700 years the oldest continental megalithic site, the cairn of Barnenez, which dates from 4,850 &#8211; 4,450 B.C., while the alignments of Carnac date only from 4,000 B.C.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To situate in time the Maltese megalithism, here is the commonly agreed time scale :<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5,200 &#8211; 4,100 B.C. Neolithic period<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">5,200 &#8211; 4,500 BC G\u0127ar Dalam phase<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4500 &#8211; 4400 BC Grey Skorba phase<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4,400 &#8211; 4,100 B.C. Red Skorba phase<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4,100 &#8211; 2,500 B.C. Temple period A<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">4,100 &#8211; 3,800 B.C. phase \u017bebbu\u0121<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3,800 &#8211; 3,600 B.C. phase L-Im\u0121arr<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3,600 &#8211; 3,000 B.C. \u0120gantija phase<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">3,000 &#8211; 2,900 B.C. \u0126al Saflieni phase<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2,900 &#8211; 2,500 B.C. \u0126al Tarxian phase<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2500 &#8211; 700 BC Bronze Age<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">2,500 &#8211; 1,500 B.C. phase of the Tarxian cemeteries<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">1500 &#8211; 725 BC Bor\u0121 in-Nadur phase<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">900 &#8211; 700 BC Ba\u0127rija phase<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is thus observed that the mastabas (2700 B.C.) and the pyramids of Egypt (2500 B.C.) are in fact contemporary with the last Maltese temples as well as Stonehenge (with its double horseshoe of blue stones [2600 B.C.], its triliths [2400 B.C.] and its circle of sarsen [reshaped until 1600 B.C.])<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The great Maltese megalithic period ended about 700 years ago with the construction of the old temple of Knossos (1900 &#8211; 1800 BC).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Each monument is distinguished by its plan, its articulation and its construction techniques.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is usually approached through an elliptical forecourt, located in front of a concave fa\u00e7ade. The fa\u00e7ade and the interior walls are made of vertical stone slabs, called orthostats, topped with horizontal blocks.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Generally, the entrance to the building is in the center of the fa\u00e7ade, leading through a monumental passage to a paved courtyard. The interior of the buildings is made up of semicircular chambers, commonly called apses, arranged symmetrically on either side of the main axis. The number of apses varies from one monument to another, some have three apses opening onto the central courtyard, others have courtyards that follow one another with four, five and even, in one case, six apses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The surviving rows of horizontal masonry elements indicate that the monuments had corbelled roofs, probably covered with horizontal beams. This method of construction was a remarkably elaborate solution for its time.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The decorated elements found in the monuments show a high level of craftsmanship. These elements consist mainly of panels decorated with drilled holes and panels with bas-reliefs depicting spiral motifs, trees, plants and various animals. The shape and plan of these constructions, as well as the art objects found inside, suggest that they were an important center for the practice of the rites of a highly organized society.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">TEMPLE OF SKORBA (5 400 &#8211; 2 500 BC)<\/span><\/h4><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2769\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11-300x193.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11-300x193.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11-768x495.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-11.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Map of the site of Skorba (at 118 m altitude)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\/directed by Hamelin de Guettelet<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Skorba, also spelled Sqolba, is the name of a group of megalithic temples, located in \u017bebbie\u0127, northwest of the island of Malta.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are two temples, an early southern temple from the \u0120gantija phase (3,600 &#8211; 3,000 BC), and a northern temple from the Tarxian phase (2,900 &#8211; 2,500 BC). The oldest remains consist of an 11 m long wall dating to the first half of the 4th millennium BC.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The southern temple has a trefoil shape with three apses. It is oriented along a southeast\/northwest axis. It measures approximately 20 x 12 m, in an enclosure of 25 x 15 m.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An important detail is the stone paving at the entrance to the temple. These slabs, six in number, have five holes in three of them. These holes are interpreted by D. H. Trump as being intended to receive libations.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A 3.90 m high block, used for the construction of the inner embrasure, seems to be related to a later redevelopment of the Tarxian phase. This block has the particularity of being made of globigerine limestone, absent from the geological environment near the temple. The nearest quarry is more than 1,500 m away, and the transport of a block of several tons in a rugged landscape is in itself a kind of feat.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The northern temple, although more recent, is poorly preserved. Approximately 15 x 15 m, it is adjoined to the first one along a south-north axis.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The excavation of the site brought to light stone and terracotta figurines. These are stylized female torsos, but clearly showing breasts and pubic triangle. Also found, bovine bones worn by friction to give them the shape of phalluses, and goat skulls smashed as one might see in a slaughterhouse.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">TEMPLE OF \u0120GANTIJA (4,100 TO 3000 BC)<\/span><\/h4><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2767\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10-300x196.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10-768x501.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plan of the temple of \u0120gantija\/Plan made by Hamelin de Guettelet<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0120gantija (&#8220;tower of the giants&#8221; in Maltese) is the name of a complex of two megalithic temples in Malta located in the center of the island of Gozo near the town of Xag\u0127ra, with a southern and a northern temple.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The southern temple (28 \u00d7 24 m) is of trefoil form (perhaps 4,100 B.C. in a primitive form) preceded by a double-apse hall (3,600 B.C.).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The northern temple (20 x 18 m) is a succession of two double-apse rooms (post-3,600 B.C.). The back room has a niche instead of the traditional frontal apse. The site was used between 4,100 and 3,000 BC.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the southern temple, the apse on the right as you enter seems to have a particular importance for the cult. A stone screen, preceded by a fireplace, delimits the back of the apse. There are two low altars sculpted with spirals, arranged on steps forming a platform. Above is a niche that was to receive the perfectly polished conical stone (1 m high), which is now on display in the National Museum of Archaeology. The apse on the left revealed during the excavations a clay plaster coating decorated with red ochre. The corridor leading to the apses at the back is made of upright stones decorated with small concavities. The left apse has three niches made of perfectly squared blocks still showing traces of tools, perhaps metallic.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">TEMPLE OF Ta&#8217; \u0126a\u0121rat (3,600 to 3,000 B.C.)<\/span><\/h4><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2757\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-5-300x194.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-5-300x194.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-5-768x496.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-5.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plan of the temple of Ta&#8217; \u0126a\u0121rat\/done by Hamelin de Guettelet<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The megalithic temple complex of Ta&#8217; \u0126a\u0121rat is dated to the Neolithic period. It is located in L-Im\u0121arr, on the island of Malta, very close to Skorba. It is the reference site of the M\u0121arr phase (3800 &#8211; 3600 BC) 1.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The first three-lobed temple, oriented southeast\/northwest, is 18 x 16 m. It is dated to 3,600 &#8211; 3,000 BC. The second temple, with four apses, oriented south-north, is smaller. It is 10 x 8 m, and is dated 3,300 &#8211; 3,000 BC. Its entrance is not external, it is in the eastern apse of the first one.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">They are both built of large dry stones. The first temple has a megalithic entrance flaring inward onto the central space. Excavations have revealed that these two temples were built on an older site dating from 4100 &#8211; 3800 BC.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Discovered during the excavations, a miniature (6 x 4 x 5 cm) in limestone represents an oval-shaped temple. It is possible to recognize the trilithic portal, the walls made of large stones, and a roof made of large slabs. It is therefore necessary to imagine these temples, today in the open air, as having included a lithic cover.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">TEMPLE OF MNAJDRA (3 600 TO 2 500 BC)<\/span><\/h4><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2767\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10-300x196.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10-768x501.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-10.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plan of the temple of Mnajdra\/Plan realized by Hamelin de Guettelet<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mnajdra is located near the town of Qrendi, 500 m from \u0126a\u0121ar Qim, near the southern shore of the island of Malta. The site rises 200 m from the Mediterranean Sea, above the cliffs, the islet of Filfla visible 5 km offshore.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8221; &#8230; &#8221; The temples are mainly composed of corbels and smaller stones, and columns and lintels using large limestone slabs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8221; &#8230; &#8221; The cloverleaf plan of Mnajdra is more regular than that of \u0126a\u0121ar Qim and seems reminiscent of the earlier temple at \u0120gantija. The prehistoric structure consists of three joined, but not connected temples: the upper, middle, and lower temples:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The upper temple is the oldest structure in the Mnajdra complex and dates to the \u0120gantija period (3600-3200 BC). It is a building with three apses, the entrance to which is formed by a hole cut in a large vertical limestone slab, a type of construction typical of other megalithic entrances in Malta. The temple appears to have originally had a vaulted ceiling, but only the base of the ceiling is still in place at the top of the walls. The pillars are decorated with holes drilled in horizontal rows on their inner surface.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The middle temple was built at the end of the Tarxian period (3150-2500 BC) and is the most recent structure. It is made of slabs topped with horizontal stones.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The lower temple, built in the early Tarxian period, is the best preserved and most impressive structure. It has a forecourt containing stone benches, an entrance passage covered with horizontal slabs and the remains of a possible domed roof. The temple is decorated with spiral carvings and indentations, and pierced with windows, some overlooking smaller rooms and one overlooking a set of stones.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The lower temple is astronomically aligned and may have served as an astronomical observation site or calendar. At equinoxes, sunlight passes through the main entrance and illuminates the axis of the temple. At solstices, it illuminates the edges of the megaliths to the right and left of this entrance.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8221; &#8230; &#8221; In December 1949, two small statues, two large bowls, tools and a large round stone, probably used to move the stones of the temple, were discovered.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">TEMPLE OF \u0126a\u0121ar Qim (3,600 A 2,500 BC)<\/span><\/h4><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2773\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-13-300x196.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-13-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-13-768x501.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-13.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plan of the temple of Hagar Qim \/ made by Hamelin de Guettelet<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Neolithic site of \u0126a\u0121ar Qim is located near the town of Qrendi, above the cliffs in southern Malta.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The ruins of four temples are spread over a period of a thousand years (3,600-2,500 BC). The remains of the oldest building are now difficult to identify. To the south of the site, ruins, now difficult to read (about 18 \u00d7 12 m), date back at least to the M\u0121arr phase (3,800-3,600 BC). To the north of the site, the northern temple (25 \u00d7 20 m) shows a polylobed plan of the \u0120gantija phase (3,600-3,000 bc).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">At the center of the site, the southern enclosure wall (ca. 35 \u00d7 28 m) encompasses a temple and a succession of additions\/remodels over a period of at least five centuries. The original temple (3,000-2,500 B.C.) with four apses and a distal apse replaced by a niche was first enlarged by a room communicating with the second western apse. The three later expansions have in common an originality with respect to the canonical plan, they open directly to the outside and have no internal communication between them. The \u0126a\u0121ar Qim complex, built entirely of stone cut from globigerine limestone, marks the culmination of the architectural aestheticism of the &#8220;temple culture&#8221; that spans 3,000-2,500 BC 4,5.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On the northeast fa\u00e7ade, just beside the corridor giving access to the oracle hole, there is a sanctuary with two betyls; a slender one, supposedly representing the male sex, and a much lower one, trapezoidal in shape, supposedly representing the female sex. To the left of the betyls, the largest enclosure stone used in a Maltese temple is 6.4 m long by 5.2 m high and weighs an estimated twenty tons. The excavations brought to light in the first western apse the &#8220;Venus of Malta&#8221;, a very naturalistic female nude statuette, found without a head.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">TEMPLE OF TARXIAN (3 600 TO 2 500 BC)<\/span><\/h4><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2775\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14-300x196.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14-768x501.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-14.png 779w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plan of the temple of Tarxien \/ made by Hamelin de Guettelet<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Temples of Tarxien form a complex of four religious buildings<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The primitive temple, to the east, is dated to 3250 BC during the \u0120gantija phase (3600-3000 BC). Oriented south-north, about 15 x 10 m, the remains are difficult to decipher although restoration suggests a small temple with five apses.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The eastern and western temples are dated to 3,000 B.C. during the Saflieni phase (3,000-2,900 B.C.), and both are oriented southwest\/northeast. The eastern temple, the simplest, but perhaps the best worked, is about 20 x 20 m. The two apses at the back, of which there are two, are the most important. The two apses at the back, including the one on the right called the oracle apse, are made of large perfectly fitted slabs, slightly inclined inwards and embedded in the bedrock.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The western temple with five apses is about 25 x 25 m. It has a traditional concave fa\u00e7ade with a perfectly cut and framed stone at each end (today only at the southern end), pierced with several holes. The archaeologists, following T. Zammit, think of the divinatory stone of a small sanctuary. Once past the monumental entrance, rebuilt in 1956, the first apse on the right shelters the lower part of a colossal statue that must have been nearly 3 m high. The size of this statue can only make one think of an idol and not a human representation. Its resemblance to other statuettes discovered at several sites confirms the idol status of all these statuettes. What is most remarkable in this temple is the number of stones sculpted in low relief with geometric motifs (volutes, spirals&#8230;) or animal motifs (goat, pig&#8230;). One of these decorated stones has a half-moon-shaped opening, blocked by a perfectly fitted and decorated stone. Excavations have revealed that this stone gave access to a space where offerings and the ritual stone knife were deposited.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The central temple comes between the two preceding temples, it is dated to the Tarxian phase (2,900-2,500 BC). It is a temple with six apses and a distal niche oriented also south-west\/north-east of about 28 x 20 m. It communicates with the outside only through an entrance in the first northern apse, but its main entrance is accessible through the second southern apse of the western temple.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">EVOLUTION OF THE TEMPLES<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">An interesting diagram of the evolution of the temples can be found on the YouTube Arcana site:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2777\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-15-300x197.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-15-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-15-768x503.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-15.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Arcana The mysteries of the world<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">TOMB OF XEMXIJA<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Notice that the Site of Arcana mentions as a scheme the tomb of Xemxija. Indeed, it would be the model from which the temples were then designed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Here is the description of this site of Xemxija made by Jess Emma Thompson:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Xemxija Tombs include seven rock-cut tombs in the upper coral limestone of the Xemxija Plateau, on the crest of a hill overlooking St. Paul&#8217;s Bay.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Each grave is accessible through a small entrance shaft in the plateau which may have originally been blocked by large stones. The entrance shafts lead to<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">to domed chambers, some with steps preserved in the rock (see Appendix 2.1 for plan and sectional drawings of each tomb). The tombs may have originally been presented as cavities in the limestone that were later enlarged. Graves 1 and 2 have three internal lobes, supported by limestone columns; these graves are now interconnected, but were originally constructed separately. Tombs 3 and 4 are simpler, both with a single kidney-shaped chamber.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Tomb 5 is the most complex, with five lobed chambers radiating from the entrance. &#8221; &#8230; &#8220;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">All except Tomb 4 contained ceramics (Appendix 2.2), including patterned tile bowls characteristic of the \u0120gantija phase (Evans 1971, 112-116). Some tombs may have been constructed during the \u0120gantija phase, while Tomb 5 may date to the later Saflieni<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">phase (Evans 1971, 115; Pace 2004, 165).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Curiously, this tomb contained the largest assemblage of artifacts, including 12 ceramic bowls and basins, as well as personal ornaments (five Spondylus shells with V-shaped perforated buttons, two Spondylus shell beads, three shell pendants, and two miniature greenstone axe pendants)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2747\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-300x208.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image.png 545w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plan of the Xemxija tombs (redrawn after Trump 2002, 163).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2783\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-18-300x113.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-18-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-18-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-18.png 910w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Entrances to tombs 1 and 2 (left) and tomb 5 (right), photos by the author\/Tombs of Xemxija<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">(Jess Emma Thompson&#8217;s thesis October 2019\/Magdalene College, University of Cambridge)<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">HYPOGEUM OF HAL SAFLIENI IN MALTA<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SUMMARY OF THE INFORMATION AVAILABLE TO DATE FROM THE SITE<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2779\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-16-300x195.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-16-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-16-768x498.png 768w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-16.png 780w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Plan of the hypogeum of \u0126al Saflieni \/ made by Hamelin de Guettelet<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Description<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The site contains about fifty rooms on about 2,500 m2 spread over four levels. The primitive floor level, with the restoration of the entrance to the hypogeum, the first level, at about &#8211; 3 m, includes the first chambers dated to the \u017bebbu\u0121 phase (4,100-3,800 BC) and the expansions of the \u0120gantija phase (3,600-3,000 BC). The second level, at about -6 m, with the finest rooms, and then the third level, at just over -10 m, date to the Tarxian phase (3,000-2,500 bc) 7.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Primitive soil:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The restoration of the site at the end of the twentieth century allowed the development of the initial level. The entrance to the site is now through this level and no longer directly on the second level. Moreover, it is now possible to see the trilithic portals marking the entrance to the hypogeum as well as a first offering well, where a statuette of a steatopygic woman without a head as well as two heads without a body were discovered.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">First level:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The first level includes, directly on the right, but also in the first room on the left, the places where the vast majority of the bones were discovered. Zammit has estimated the total number of skeletons that the hypogeum housed at about 7,000. Today, only six dolichocephalic skulls remain, stored in two boxes in the National Museum of Archaeology in Malta. At the end of the room on the left, a large, relatively deep space is interpreted by specialists as possibly being a cistern dating from 4000 BC. Still on the left, a trilith suggests a partition of this space.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Second level:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The second level is the largest; its plan is the most complex and the most remarkable. Immediately to the left is a room that seems to be unfinished (the surface of the walls does not have the same aspect of finish everywhere), but which is nevertheless decorated. Its ceiling has 14 discs of red ochre. The small alcoves of this room have led archaeologists to say that this place was reserved for more or less individual burials. Moving forward in the hypogeum, on the right is a room called &#8220;the oracle&#8217;s room&#8221; with a ceiling decorated with ochre spirals in the spirit of the bas-reliefs discovered in the temple of Tarxien. A small opening in the wall gives onto a niche, itself decorated, called &#8220;niche of the oracle&#8221; because of the echo that resounds in the temple if one speaks in the opening. Today, specialists think that it is the location of a statue or a cult object.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Still advancing towards the bottom of the hypogeum, one enters a new room with a ceiling decorated with scrolls inscribed in pentagons. It is here that the second offering well is located, where the archaeologists discovered amulets, jewels and the famous &#8220;Sleeping Lady&#8221;:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2771\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12-300x199.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12.png 519w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sleeping Lady (National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Behind the offering well are the three most remarkable rooms of the hypogeum: the main chamber (supposed to be a place of worship), the &#8220;Holy of Holies&#8221; (supposed to be reserved for the officiants) and the &#8220;Treasury&#8221;. (supposedly reserved for the officiants) and the &#8220;Treasury (supposed to be a place of burial). These rooms have the particularity, never found in any other hypogeum, that their walls represent, sculpted in globigerine limestone, all the external and internal appearances of surface temples, with their trilithic entrances, their orthostats, their altars, their corbelled vaults, their benches, etc. The treatment of the stone, particularly careful, gives the whole a real monumental aspect.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Third level:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">A staircase, partly revolving, composed of seven steps, the last of which, on two upright stones, is quite high in relation to the ground, gives access to the third level. Here the rooms, located for the most part under those of the upper level, are arranged in such a way that they leave pilasters supporting the load of the upper level. Traces of red ochre suggest a rich decoration. The function of these rooms is subject to controversy, some wanting to see them as reserves protected by a dangerous staircase in the dark.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">EVIDENCE OF THE CULT OF THE MOTHER GODDESS<\/span><\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To understand this site in harmony with what has already been demonstrated elsewhere, it is also necessary to note that the cult of the mother goddess is evident.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Indeed, were found on the spot figurines see elements of statue of goddess-mother, moreover, with particular characteristics.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Here is what the local mother goddess must have looked like, here in a standing position:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2753\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3-158x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"158\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3-158x300.png 158w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-3.png 249w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 158px) 100vw, 158px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Replica of the figurine found in \u0120gantija (available at the tourist center in \u0120gantija.)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It is remarkable that the colossal idol (2.5 meters) that stands in the right apse after the main entrance of the western temple of Tarxien is this mother goddess.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Here is what remains of the base of the statue still present on site:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2751\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"281\" height=\"292\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">WK\/Temples of Tarxian\/Galichon-Jerome-Temples-of-Tarxian<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Obviously, it looks like two drops of water to the dress with which the figurine of Ggantija is dressed.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">It should be noted that, compared to the figurine of the mother-goddess represented standing, on this site, the fact that the legs are visible suggests that she is represented as sitting.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">This is the opinion of Mr. Evans, quoted by Mr. Ferguson:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The figure must have been about two meters high when it was intact&#8221; . <strong>The figure was undoubtedly presented as sitting.<\/strong> Some of the statuettes found in Tarxien give a good idea of what it must have been like when it was complete. &#8221; (Evans 1971; 120) (the temple builders of Prehistoric\/Malta Doctoral thesis by Ian F.G.Ferguson for the University of London Ph. D in Archaeology\/p.187)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Here are some molds from the local museum reproducing figurines of the local mother goddess found on site.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2763\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8-300x122.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8-300x122.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-8.png 594w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Mould reproduction of the steatopyge mother-goddess (i.e. with very large buttocks), found without head. Museum of Malta<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2759\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-6-300x167.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-6-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-6.png 447w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Statuettes found in Hagar Qim<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"http:\/\/web.infinito.it\/utenti\/m\/malta_mega_temples\/stattuet\/statt\/stat\/sitknee.html\">http:\/\/web.infinito.it\/utenti\/m\/malta_mega_temples\/stattuet\/statt\/stat\/sitknee.html<\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2771\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12-300x199.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-12.png 519w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Sleeping Lady (National Museum of Archaeology in Valletta)<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Visibly corresponding to the one discovered at the offering well of the hypogeum of \u0126al Saflieni<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2749\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-1-188x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"188\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-1-188x300.png 188w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-1.png 228w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 188px) 100vw, 188px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Another sleeping woman (?) from the hypogeum of Hal Saflieni.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Made of polished brown clay, the figure is turned down and appears to be naked from the waist down. The neck is missing and part of the back is broken, but a pleated skirt can be distinguished from what remains.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">http:\/\/web.infinito.it\/utenti\/m\/malta_mega_temples\/stattuet\/statt\/stat\/sitknee.html<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2756\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-4-218x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-4-218x300.png 218w, https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-4.png 298w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figurine found during the excavation of the Circle of Xaghra (a burial site 400 m west of Ggantija).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Here is what Mr. Ferguson says in his thesis about these different figurines:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">If the goddess figurines apparently symbolize motherhood (the supreme archetype of which is the mother nursing her baby), then they can reasonably be called mother goddess figurines. If they are found in an archaeological context such as a temple or shrine that is appropriate for cult practices, then it is reasonable to speak of a mother goddess cult (the temple builders of Prehistoric\/Malta Doctoral thesis by Ian F.G.Ferguson for the University of London Ph. D in Archaeology\/p.13).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">So there is absolutely no doubt that we are on a site dedicated mainly to the mother goddess<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Note, however, that certain characteristics of this local representation of the mother goddess are interesting when observing these figurines:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">She is plump. She has round and voluminous shoulders, arms, hips or buttocks, legs, thighs and calves.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">She is represented sitting or lying on her back, on her side or even on her stomach.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-858887c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"858887c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e0ab38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e0ab38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">BIBLIOGRAPHY<\/span><\/h3>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #000000;\">THE MEGALITHIC TEMPLES OF MALTA<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong> <\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/fr\/list\/132\/\">https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/fr\/list\/132\/<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skorba\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Skorba<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ggantija\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ggantija<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ta%E2%80%99Hagrat\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ta\u2019Hagrat<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mnajdra\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mnajdra<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hagar_Qim\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hagar_Qim<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Temples_de_Tarxien\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Temples_de_Tarxien<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hypog\u00e9e_de_\u0126al_Saflieni<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Hamelin de Guettelet for what I consider to be his exceptional work on the temple plans, without which this analysis would probably not have had the same resonance.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Cha\u00eene You Tube Arcana.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6EIZYWwSZAs\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6EIZYWwSZAs<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Jess Emma Thompson&#8217;s thesis October 2019\/Magdalene College, University of Cambridge<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The temple builders of Prehistoric\/Malta Doctoral thesis by Ian F.G.Ferguson for the University of London Ph. D in Archaeology)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">http:\/\/web.infinito.it\/utenti\/m\/malta_mega_temples\/stattuet\/statt\/stat\/sitknee.html<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Organisation lat\u00e9ralis\u00e9e de l\u2019espace et des activit\u00e9s dans un \u00ab temple \u00bb id\u00e9alis\u00e9 (Malone et Stoddart 2009, 372)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/alka.hypotheses.org\/1305\">https:\/\/alka.hypotheses.org\/1305<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trilithe\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trilithe<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Wikipedia\/A. Pace \u2013 2004 \u2013 p. 29 \u2013 36\/J. S. Tagliaferro [2000] p. 29.)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maltais\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Maltais<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyb%C3%A8le\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cyb\u00e8le<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4cd336 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b4cd336\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e51142 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e51142\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">REMINDER OF THE LINK BETWEEN THIS ARTICLE AND THE ENTIRE LITERARY SERIES &#8220;THE TRUE HISTORY OF MANKIND&#8217;S RELIGIONS&#8221;:<\/span><\/h3><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>This article precedes the one devoted to explaining the mystery of the Stonehenge site, which you&#8217;ll find in<span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a0the book entitled:<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/les-temples-megalithiques-de-malte-gobekli-tepe-et-stonehenge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">THE MEGALITHIC TEMPLES : MALTA G\u00d6BEKLI TEPE AND STONEHENGE<\/a><\/p><p>which you can also find on sale in the following section:<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"bP8MAKzsHa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-already-published\/\">Already published books<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Already published books\u00a0\u00bb &#8212; Yvar Bregeant\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-already-published\/embed\/#?secret=Vo8v19OfKl#?secret=bP8MAKzsHa\" data-secret=\"bP8MAKzsHa\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p><p>To find out why this book is part of the literary series The True Stories of Mankind&#8217;s Religions, go to page :<\/p><p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"EFw0bf5Xeh\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-in-the-series\/\">Introduction \/ Structure and Content<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Introduction \/ Structure and Content\u00a0\u00bb &#8212; Yvar Bregeant\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-in-the-series\/embed\/#?secret=c7hBw2G9Oi#?secret=EFw0bf5Xeh\" data-secret=\"EFw0bf5Xeh\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87c1606 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"87c1606\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e831e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e831e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><span style=\"color: #000000;\">COPYRIGHT REMINDER<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As a reminder, please respect copyright, as this book has been registered.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a9YVAR BREGEANT, 2021 All rights reserved<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The French Intellectual Property Code prohibits copies or reproductions for collective use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Any representation or reproduction in whole or in part by any process whatsoever without the consent of the author or his successors is unlawful and constitutes an infringement punishable by articles L335-2 et seq. of the French Intellectual Property Code.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">See the explanation at the top of the section on the author&#8217;s policy for making his books available:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"bP8MAKzsHa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-already-published\/\">Already published books<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Already published books\u00a0\u00bb &#8212; Yvar Bregeant\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/books-already-published\/embed\/#?secret=Vo8v19OfKl#?secret=bP8MAKzsHa\" data-secret=\"bP8MAKzsHa\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecaed44 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ecaed44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of contents PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE As the title suggests, this article will summarize everything that has so far been discovered and said about this sacred site. This article is not an explanation of the site. You&#8217;ll find it in the book entitled: THE MEGALITHIC TEMPLES : MALTA G\u00d6BEKLI TEPE AND STONEHENGE Before deciphering [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1132,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-volume-6","category-volume-6-deciphering-megalithic-temples"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>THE TEMPLES OF MALTA : SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES - Yvar Bregeant<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This page summarizes research carried out on Malta&#039;s temples, their architecture and ornamentation.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yvar-bregeant.com\/en\/maltas-temples-summary-of-archaeological-discoveries\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"THE TEMPLES OF MALTA : SUMMARY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL DISCOVERIES - 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